Basic Research & Academia

Japan's next-gen supercomputer Fugaku NEXT bets against the cooling consensus: warming water above 30°C to cool AI servers and cutting cooling power by 20%. It may also adopt 'ZAM,' a new memory developed by SoftBank and Intel that stands DRAM chips on edge with magnetic-field coupling. Why Japan is choosing efficiency over the gigawatt-scale arms race that defines US Frontier and El Capitan.

A Japanese team led by Prof. Takanori Takebe (Osaka & Science Tokyo) and Dr. Mureo Kasahara (National Center for Child Health and Development) plans the world's first pediatric clinical trial of UTOpiA, a bioartificial liver that perfuses blood through iPS-derived liver organoids. Animal trials showed 90% survival. How it compares with King's College London's HELP trial and Beijing's CiPS-BAL.

A Japanese team led by NAOJ has detected an atmosphere on a small trans-Neptunian object beyond Pluto for the first time, using a stellar occultation observed simultaneously from three sites across Japan. Here is how the pro-amateur collaboration worked, and why it rewrites textbooks on the outer solar system.

Researchers at the University of Tsukuba have discovered that pill bugs (Armadillidium vulgare) don't just incorporate the calcium carbonate they eat; they rebuild it from scratch inside their bodies, always producing calcite even when fed aragonite. The unexpected polymorph control reveals a deeper biomineralization mystery and may inspire next-generation biomimetic materials.

Researcher Yohei Kawai and Professor Shin Kaneko at Kyoto University's CiRA have established a way to induce helper T cells, the conductors of the immune system, from human iPS cells without mouse feeder cells. The paper ran in Molecular Therapy on January 20, 2026. Why this matters against the three structural limits of CAR-T therapy, and where Japan stands against Fate Therapeutics in the US and China's sheer trial volume.

A Tohoku University-UC Irvine team led by Prof. Kei Igarashi has discovered that dopamine in the entorhinal cortex drops to less than one-fifth of normal levels in Alzheimer's mice, driving memory loss. Published in Nature Neuroscience, the finding suggests Levodopa—a Parkinson's drug used for over half a century—could restore memory in Alzheimer's, opening a new path beyond the amyloid-beta hypothesis behind drugs like lecanemab.

Susumu Kitagawa of Kyoto University, joint winner of the 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, has long advocated turning air itself into a resource through metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). His porous crystals can sort and capture CO2, water vapor and other molecules, putting Japan in direct conversation with players like Switzerland's Climeworks in the rapidly evolving direct-air-capture industry. Here is how a basic-science breakthrough from Kyoto could rewrite the economics of decarbonization.

A JAMSTEC-University of Tsukuba team has discovered self-replicating circular RNA replicons living in 70-80°C Japanese hot springs. These newly found members of the Obelisk superfamily, a mysterious RNA entity first described by Nobel laureate Andrew Fire in 2024, expand our view of RNA-based life and may offer fresh clues to the RNA world hypothesis on the origin of life.

Tokushima University researchers led by Prof. Tomohide Saio have unveiled OptoChaperone in JACS, a biohybrid tool that uses light to reversibly switch protein droplets on and off inside living cells. A look at how this Japanese breakthrough could accelerate ALS and Alzheimer's drug discovery, and how it compares with US and European condensate startups like Dewpoint Therapeutics and Nereid.